Spain · France · Germany · UK · Italy · Netherlands. Civil-code anchors. Track-changes ready.
"...consistent with Spanish Civil Code Art. 1105 (events that could not have been foreseen, or that, foreseen, were inevitable)..." Standard widely applied in Spanish hotel contracts. Confirm pandemic risk is captured for the contracted dates.
"...consistent with French Civil Code Art. 1218 (post-2016 reform): event beyond debtor's control, unforeseeable at signing, unavoidable in effects..." Standard for French-law hotel contracts.
"...consistent with German BGB §313 (hardship doctrine: foundational circumstances change so significantly that performance cannot reasonably be demanded)..." Standard for German-law hotel contracts.
"...consistent with the UK common-law standard, as refined by Cavendish Square Holding BV v Makdessi [2015] UKSC 67..." Note the absence of a single statutory anchor; common law applies.
"...consistent with Italian Civil Code Art. 1218 (impossibility of performance for cause not attributable to the debtor)..." Italian-law hotel contracts in 2026.
"...consistent with Dutch Civil Code BW Art. 6:75 (non-attributable non-performance)..." Dutch-law hotel contracts.
"...no attrition fee, cancellation fee, or other liquidated-damages amount shall be payable by Group in respect of the period during which performance is so affected." Explicit stack; covers the three fees that compound on a partial-event force-majeure scenario.
"Hotel shall refund any Deposit or other amount paid in advance, less reasonable documented Hotel costs already incurred." Buyer-safe refund; required for cash protection on force-majeure cancellation.